Interventions and Strategies for Teenage Pregnancy

Interventions and Strategies for Teenage Pregnancy Matthew Love Families: Teenage Pregnancy One social problem associated with the family is teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy rates have fallen in recent years; The birth rate for U.S. teenagers aged 15-19 fell 8% from 2014 to 2015, to 22.3 births per 1,000 females aged 15-19, falling below the record low set in 2014. The rate for this group has declined 46% since 2007 and 64% since 1991. (Hamilton 2016). However, the percentage of women age 15-19 in the US is still higher than all industrialized nations in the world (Shah 2014). Rates are higher among black and Hispanic teens, with 4 in 10 becoming pregnant by 20 years of age, as compared with 2 in 10 white teens (Secura et. al. 2014) Individuals affected by teen pregnancy include the parents of the child, as well as the child. According to (Shah 2014) the child is susceptible to low birth weight and premature birth. Those two factors are important for the health and growth of the child (Shah 2014). Fathers are also much more likely to be shut out of raising the child because they are unable to support the child financially (Furstenberg 2016). The children are also more likely to be less successful themselves in school (Secura et. al. 2014). There is also an impact on the economy. Teen pregnancy accounts for close to $10 billion in healthcare costs (Shah 2014). For the teen mothers and fathers, they are at risk of not completing high school at much higher rates (Shah 2014). The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) considers teenage pregnancy a winnable battle, and the goal of the CDC is to reduce the teenage pregnancy rate by 20% (Secura et. al. 2014). Currently, policies in place to help reduce to teen pregnancy are directed through the public education system. In 2010 President Barak Obama started the teen pregnancy prevention initiative (Schalet 2014). The change in this policy from previous policies, is that it no longer required abstinence only education. This policy called for evidence based information to be taught (Schalet 2014). Abstinence only education has been shown to not be effective in delaying sexual activity (Schalet 2014). It can also withhold important information on STDs, risky sexual behavior, and the use of contraception (Schalet 2014). There are also issues with evidence based education in that it tends to be more broad, and does not include complex factors like race, income inequality, and gender differences (Schalet 2014). One specific program aimed at reducing teen pregnancy is called Positive Prevention Plus. The program is funded by the Office if Adolescent Health, and the program teaches both abstinence, communication, and birth control. While the program has not seen significant improvements in teen pregnancy, it has shown improvements in delaying sexual activity. It has also shown improvements in teens using birth control (LaChausse 2016). According to research by Secura et. al. one of the most effective ways to avoid teen pregnancy is long-acting reversible contraception. The issues with long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) are access and cost. Only 5% of teens reported using LARC methods (Secura et. al. 2014). In a study of LARC methods and those that used them The observed rates of pregnancy, birth, and abortion were substantially lower than national rates among all U.S. teens, particularly when compared with sexually experienced U.S. teens (Secura et. al. 2014) Works Cited Shah, M. K., Gee, R. E., Theall, K. P. (2014). Partner support and impact on birth outcomes among teen pregnancies in the United States. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 27(1), 14-19. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2013.08.002 Secura, Gina M., Madden, Tessa, McNicholas, Colleen, Mullersman, Jennifer, Buckel, Christina M., Zhao, Qiuhong, Peipert, Jeffrey F. (2014) Provision of No-Cost, Long-Acting Contraception and Teenage Pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine, 14, 1316-1323, http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1400506 New England Journal of Medicine October 2, 2014 371(14):1316 Furstenberg, F. (2016). Reconsidering Teenage Pregnancy and Parenthood. Societies, 6(4), 33. http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/6/4/33/htm LaChausse, R. G. (2016). A Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial of the Positive Prevention PLUS Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program. American Journal of Public Health, 106(Suppl 1), S91-S96. http://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303414 Hamilton, B. E., Mathews, T. J. (2016). Continued declines in teen births in the United States, 2015. NCHS data brief, 259, 1-8.

Business Requirements Document Essay

Business requirements are the critical activities of an enterprise that must be performed to meet the organizational objective(s). The BRD should remain solution independent. In the context of the project scoping for hardware procurement and installation, this is about identifying and documenting the business requirements of customers, employees, and vendors early in the development cycle to guide the design of the future state. Business requirements are captured by analyzing the current business activities and processes of the as-is state (current process) and defining a target state (to-be process) that will deliver the planned business outcomes that contribute to the organizational objectives. Objectives of the BRD: Stakeholders to gain agreement with stakeholders about what will and will not be delivered Vendors to provide a foundation to communicate to a vendor (or in-house provider) what the solution needs to do to satisfy the customer’s and business’ needs Sponsors to provide input into the business case development phase of the project Customers to describe ‘what’ (not ‘how’) the customer/business needs will be met by the proposed solution Business Requirements Document (BRD) describes the high level requirements that senior management would understand, for example, SS relationship: The BRD is the foundation for all subsequent project deliverables, describing what inputs and outputs are associated with each process function. The BRD describes what the system would look like from a business perspective, distinguishing between the business solution and the technical solution. Business requirements often include: business context, scope, and background, including reasons for change key business stakeholders that have specific requirements success factors for a future/target state constraints imposed by the business processes or other systems business process models and analysis defining either ‘as-is’ and ‘to-be’ business processes glossaries of business terms, local terminology or acronyms Data flow diagrams to illustrate how data flows through the information systems (different from flowcharts depicting algorithmic flow of business activities). A broad cross section of the business should be involved in the development of the BRD. Categories of Business Requirements There are five levels of requirements that are typically captured at different stages of the BRD development. These are: Level 0 business requirements High-level statements of the goals, objectives, or needs of an organization. They usually describe opportunities that an organization wants to be realized or problems that they want to be solved. Level 1 User (Stakeholder) requirements Mid-level statements of the needs of a particular stakeholder or group of stakeholders. They usually describe levels of interaction with the intended solution. Often acting as a mid-point between the high-level business requirements and more detailed solution requirements. Level 2 Functional (solution) requirements Usually detailed statements of the behavior and information that the solution will need. Level 3 Quality-of-service (non-functional) requirements Usually detailed statements of the conditions under which the solution must remain effective, qualities that the solution must have, or constraints within which it must operate. Examples include reliability, testability, maintainability, availability requirements. They are also known as characteristics, constraints or the non-functional requirements, and Level 4 Implementation (transition) requirements Usually detailed statements of capabilities or behavior required to enable transition from the current state to the desired future state. Examples include recruitment, role changes, and migration of data from one system to  another. The success of a BRD is dependent on the agreement of the business to the need for change and the expected business outcome(s). The BRD provides the opportunity to review the project charter to ensure that the objective, goals/outcomes, scope, project team, and approvers are accurately reflected. Prerequisites for BRD Important pre-requisites for a successful BRD are set out below: A current environment assessment. This includes a detailed process map of the current environment highlighting areas that will be affected by the project. The detailed â€Å"as is† process maps should include: clearly defined start and end points of the process; level 1 and level 2 requirements and stakeholder process functions; defined areas of rework and redundant business processes to be removed; cycle time, capacity and rework information for each process step as available, and Baseline for critical metrics for the current environment. Critical quality or performance metrics validated with baseline measurements, targets and specifications. These include: data defining and describing current performance such as how the product/service’s characteristics are to be quantified; specifying the target for the product/service performance and the acceptable tolerances, and The allowable tolerance for service levels, for example how often the product/service is allowed outside the specification limits. The target environment assessment, including critical quality or performance metrics validated with baseline measurements, targets and specifications. These include: data defining and describing the expected performance such as how the product/service’s characteristics are to be quantified; specifying the target for the product/service performance and the acceptable tolerances, and The allowable tolerance for service levels, for example how often the product/service is allowed outside the specification limits. A detailed process map of the target environment. The following figure 4 illustrates a useful way of framing a process flow. Example of a process flow Other BRD considerations The BRD contains a number of project details – such as constraints, assumptions and dependencies, business rules, scope, measurements reporting and other topics critical to the project. The following should be considered in the context of the overall project and, where appropriate, clearly documented. Any external constraints (e.g. regulatory, legal or locational constraints). Constraints and assumptions relating to the complexity of business requirements, interdependence with other systems, timing of events, the scalability of technical options, reporting requirements and any service limits that may apply. Constraints and assumptions relating to the user numbers (staff and customers), users’ existing capability and training required, degree of user support required IT skills availability and location. An example of the difference between a constraint and an assumption is: an assumption could be the number of users that an online service will have: 10,000 logged-on users per day and no more than 5,000 at any given time, and A constraint relating to the number of users may be that the system has a maximum capacity of 20,000 logged-on users at a given time. Reference CONCEPTUALISE ICT projects technical guidance Business case development; The Secretary Department of Treasury and Finance 1 Treasury Place Melbourne Victoria 3002. Copyright  © State of Victoria 2012.

Illustration Essay - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesnt

Illustration Essay - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesn't Up in Arms About Illustration Essay? Among other sorts of essays, it is among the simplest to write. If you would like to earn a great essay, you must have great examples. Illustrative essays might incorporate both detailed and fast examples. You may wonder what's a reflective essay and the way it's different from the rest of the kinds of essays. The Key to Successful Illustration Essay A reflective essay could possibly be academic in the aspect a student might be asked to compose a lesson learnt in class and reflect its application in actual life. One particular such assignment that you could wind up facing one or two times throughout grade school and college is the reflection essay. Students should develop decent study habits if they are supposed to reach their entire potential in any course or degree. Many students don't understand the significance of reflective essay and so are not able to compose a reflective paper template that is clear to examiners. If you would like to understand how to compose a reflective essay, we'll tell you many secrets for creating powerful and productive work. People with colorful life experience are inclined to be the finest in the illustrative essay enterprise. Significance of contemporary art a lot of people don't comprehend what modern art actually is. Another illustration may be a student who sought treatment for panic attacks because she felt pressured to keep a high GPA so as to continue to keep her scholarship. There are a lot of strategies to find the info necessary for your essay. You ought to be able to create practical examples in your mind while you search the topic sources. The secret to a fantastic illustration essay is selecting a topic that's uncommon but has plenty of perspective about it that you're able to discuss in the write-up. If you are searching for a proofread illustration essays online free of charge, start ou t with the simple rule of online searching i.e. search engine. Illustration Essay: No Longer a Mystery If you must earn reflection essay, at the beginning you must select an intriguing topic to produce readers interested and involved in your part of work. Your readers will be intrigued by it, and you'll give them a great reason to follow you get through the remaining portion of the essay. You might also opt to bring a couple more parts of evidence to be certain the audience understands your point. If you're thinking that you require someone to compose my essay at the moment, you can merely rely on our honest reviews. Give a quick summary of the experience you're reflecting on in a sense that will leave a reader hungry for what's inside the remainder of the essay. Sometimes, you might be missing some fantastic suggestions for your reflective essay topics. Our professional group of writers knows perfectly what is necessary to write an ideal reflective essay. The initial procedure for creating a great illustration essay is to realize the objective of the topic to be discussed. There are lots of topics as soon as it comes to illustration essays that you can pick from and the majority of them are such they test your writing skill and creativity in place of only being factual. A particular case of illustration utilizes a personal experience or other folks experience that is discovered to be dominant to present a vital illustration essay example. To begin with, it's essential to clarify what an illustration essay is. An illustration essay is a typical assignment that permits the student to create an image on a subject using only written words. It is also known as exemplification paper. Sometimes referred to as the exemplification essay, it explains a general principle or idea by using a number of well-chosen examples. Illustration Essay: the Ultimate Convenience! Bear in mind that you ought to not argue your stance in the thesis but you need to explain or illustrate some particular phenomenon. If some things continue to be challenging to work out or you lack ideas, there's always a chance to request help at EduBirdie and order an essay. Try to remember that the essay should give readers a glimpse into your nature and capacity to address and adapt to unique scenarios. There's plenty of experiences that students may use in writing a reflective essay. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Illustration Essay When writing a r eflective essay, there are a few things you ought to avoid. A person's understanding of some other author's work could possibly be judged via the writing of a reflective essay. How you begin your essay is the determiner of whether you're going to produce an amazing essay or not. Writing an essay is created of five primary steps. Self-reflective essays may challenge you to think critically about what you're doing well and what has to be changed as a consequence of the experience you're writing about. If you still find it troublesome to work on the illustrative essay or a different form of homework assignment, it's far better to contact expert essay writers ASAP.

Learning Disablilites and Delinquency from our Juveniles

Our society has an expectation of a child’s progression through life. That is, they listen to their parents, go to school, study hard, go to college or a trade school, and work hard until retirement. What happens with the children that are struggling in school? Well, some of them go to prison. In our nation, public school is the primary source of education; society has taken on the responsibility of educating the youth of this nation. Therefore, we only have ourselves to blame when an undereducated or uneducated youth is arrested and is incarcerated. I argue that our failure to properly address the special needs of our diverse learning disabled children leads to poor school performance, and in a high number of cases juvenile delinquency. Unfortunately, the learning disability rate among delinquent youth is between 30% and 50%, this is in contrast to the number of special education students represented in public school, which is 10% nationally. The stark difference in the perce ntage of delinquency and learning disabled when compared to the national average of learning disabled has had significant attention from lawmakers, criminologist, educators, and the public. This is not a recent problem. The beginning of special education, happened in the 1800s, as immigrants flooded this county. With them came cultural norms, which were perceived as amoral in the United States. Since most immigrants populated â€Å"urban slums,† school districts created â€Å"manual training classes† to teach

Guns in Schools - 2018 Words

Guns in Schools With the number of mass school shootings and incidents of violence in schools that have been reported since April 20, 1999; the public is crying out for stricter laws to help protect our children. In direct response to the Columbine High School shooting, schools across the country adopted a variety of â€Å"safety† measures that included mandatory uniforms to prevent the wearing of gang colors and allowing faculty to more readily identify intruders, installation of metal detectors and security cameras, ID badges to be worn at all times, and the increased presence of armed guards on campuses. While these measures are all intended to protect our children the fact that we are still experiencing violence in our†¦show more content†¦Adam Lanza shot open the locked door to access the school and the principal ran to the hall to investigate the â€Å"noise.† References Bennett, William J. CNN Contributor (December 19, 2012) CNN Opinion The case for gun rights is stronger than you think Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/19/opinion/bennett-gun-rights/index.html New, Brian (2013, September 17) CBS DFW Palmer ISD Moving Forward with Guns in School retrieved from http://dfw.cbslocal.com/2013/09/17/palmer-isd-moving-forward-with-guns-in-school-plan/ Kopel, David B. and D’Andrilli, Stephen, (February 1990) American Rifleman What America can learn from Switzerland is that the best way to reduce gun misuse is to promote responsible gun ownership. Retrieved from http://www.guncite.com/swissgun-kopel.html Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School, founded in 1992, Second Amendment Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex Your overall assignment should be developed to include two new paragraphs, in addition your introduction and thesis, around 200 words in length. Be sure to cite your evidence using APA style conventions, both in-text and in the reference page. Please review the Week 3 APA material for help with formatting and citing. 1). Include the introduction and thesis that you developed in W4A1 so that you can add this assignment to what you already have. 2). In support of the thesis statement youShow MoreRelatedGuns in Schools855 Words   |  3 Pagesa world where school shootings did not exist. Parents could send their children to school without having to worry about them being shot. In 2013, thirty school shootings took place in the United States. The most devastating school shooting in U.S. history was the Bath School shooting. On May 18, 1927, Andrew Kehoe entered the Bath Elementary School killing thirty-eight people and injuring fifty-eight. Kehoe then returned to his truck, and committed suicide by using explosives. School teachers wouldRead MoreShould School Guns Be Banned?1638 Words   |  7 Pageswhether or not teachers should be allowed to carry guns in school is very heated and continues to dilemma the minds of many. However, both the supportive and opposing parties have good grounds that can be used to choose. Recently in the year 2012, 26 people in elementary school in Texas were shot dead triggering public demand tha t teachers should be armed with guns in order to protect our students. A local resident of the area around the elementary school opened fire on 20 students and 6 staff beforeRead MorePros And Cons Of Guns In Schools848 Words   |  4 PagesIs There Support to Arm Teachers in Schools? Introduction Discussing a license to carry in an educational setting cause you to thoroughly look at a the situation from both stand points. Initially one may think absolutely not but, then some may argue that it is a moral idea. 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The first places to come to mind would be Montana or Colorado, because of the more rural connotations those places have been given in the popular media outlets such as movies, magazines, and television. Montana is depicted as a state where there are large sweeping plains and horse ranches over every horizon, while Colorado is a land of mountains and forests with a very small amount of urban invasion. This argument however comes out of Brooklyn, from a Midwood High School newspape rRead More School Shootings and Gun Laws Essay935 Words   |  4 Pages Imagine your child was nearing high school graduation with their whole life ahead of them. Next year, they will be going to college and you will see them bloom into the wonderful person you know they are. Now imagine the horror of hearing that your child had been shot and killed while they were at school. It is difficult to fathom the enormous amount of grief and anger that would flood the body of a person in a situation like this. No one should have to endure such pain. Now imagine how muchRead MoreEssay about Gun Control Schools3447 Words   |  14 PagesIf you recently picked up a newspaper or turned on to see the news you may have question what is happening in our schools and begin to think whether our schools are still safe places for children. Recent school shootings have set feared in many parents about their childrens safety in our schools. Since last year number of school shootings by students h ave occurred regularly. On Tuesday February 29, 2000 in Mount Morris Township, Michigan a six-year old boy shot his classmate to death in their firstRead MoreGun Free School Zone Essays1805 Words   |  8 Pages(senior), arrived at Edison high School in San Antonio, Texas, carrying on his person a concealed .38 caliber handgun and five bullets. Acting on an anonymous tip, the school authorities confronted Alfonzo, who readily admitted to having the weapon. He was arrested and charged under Texas law with firearm possession on school property. The next day the state charges were dropped and federal agents charged Alfonzo with federal charges of violating the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990. The questionRead MoreImplementing Gun Safety On School Classrooms2429 Words   |  10 Pages2014 Implementing Gun Safety in School Classrooms Nine year old Aaron Schmitt had been rummaging around in his dad’s closet and found a shiny new toy. He was enthralled with his find. As he felt the cold metal in his hand, he thought of the fun he could have playing a game of cops and robbers. Aaron spun the gun around in his hand wanting to show it to his friends. He knew he should ask for permission from his parents to take the gun but he figured his dad would never realize the gun was missing. HeRead MoreEssay on Should Teachers Carry a Gun to School?1236 Words   |  5 PagesHow People’s Opinions of Teacher’s Carrying Guns During School Can Be Grouped By Age, Gender, and Race Do you believe that people have a unique personal opinion that nobody else has? Well, research has shown that personal opinion can be grouped by age, gender and race, but some of this research does not show through in the highly debated topic, should teachers carry guns during school hours. Age Groups One of the ways people’s opinions can be grouped together is by age. According to â€Å"Factors

Who is Concerned About Common App Essay Samples Failure and Why You Need to be Paying Attention

Who is Concerned About Common App Essay Samples Failure and Why You Need to be Paying Attention What Everybody Dislikes About Common App Essay Samples Failure and Why You've come to the correct place. The huge pothole on Elm Street that my mother was able to hit each day on the best way to school would be filled-in. You could face some important challenges in the subsequent four decades and schools wish to comprehend how you might handle them. Consult your parents to spell out the rear row to you. Especially once you know, it will eat up much money. Colleges are more inclined to admit students who can articulate certain explanations for why the school is a great fit about them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. Within that moment, each student should play the function of speaker and listener. After that, ask students to go back to their seats. There isn't a prompt to steer you, which means you must ask yourself the questions that will get at the center of the story you would like to tell. If you aren't completely sure you've chosen the proper topic, you're not alone. Stop by our website for more information. Visit her website to find out more. Your reflection has become the most significant part the essay, and ought to receive as much thought and care since you can give to it. Some can describe events in such detail a reader simply must get to the conclusion of the essay. Last, the detail of true speech makes the scene pop. If you're able to paint a very clear picture for your reader by supplying details, you're considerably more likely to submit a marker in their memories. Thus, think about the essay a chance to tell colleges why you're unique and what matters to you. You'll observe a similar structure in a lot of the essays. As soon as it's correct your essay is a chance to impress your readers, the story you write shouldn't be about what you believe the review committee would like to hear. You're writing a college application essay, and you should know about your audience. If you're considering this essay prompt, make certain to bring some mobility to your story. Therefore, extensive research should be done for shortlisting metaphors that can be readily grasped by anyone. The topic of your essay doesn't need to be completely novel. Always remember the use of the Common Application essay. The Battle Over Common App Essay Samples Failure and How to Win It Various things to various folks, since the situation demanded. There's no greater teacher than failure. No matter the situation, create a very clear picture of its private significance and that which you did, or would do, to fix the issue. Don't neglect to explain why the issue is valuable to you! This essay is an excellent instance of the way to turn an ostensible weakness into a strength. The majority of your essay should concentrate on the wake of the troubles you faced. Once it is possible to make sure that the entire content that you want to have in your essay was written down, you can play around with structure, style, and voice a little. Note you do not need to have solved the issue, and a few of the greatest essays will explore problems which need to be solved later on. On the off chance your application appears to guarantee certain highlights and functionalities, it must convey. What's more, you can identify websites which cater to your intended audience and create the app there. To reach expectation of each and every user is nearly impossible, and due to that, the majority of them miss early visitors with a bad homepage screen. Replace a number of the cliched language. With seven options, it is irrelevant which prompt is chosen, so long as it's one that makes it possible for an applicant to give insight into her or his identity in ways that aren't reflected in different regions of the program, experts say. In that instance, it's likely to observe plenty of common app growth mistakes happening. Thus, to prevent this scenario, you should determine the key characteristics that need to keep the significance of the app. Keep in mind the scale isn't a factor, it is crucial to concentrate on why it's significant to you. Don't forget that the Common App provides you with creative license. As a consequence, developers become drained because of the monotonous procedure for checking and updating features constantly for each app, with a backlog that costs a whole lot of your wealth and takes more time to get cleared up. Your developers are down with an enormous backlog and are continuously struggling to decrease the development time. For instance, if one of your highly-skilled developers quits the organization between an app development undertaking, you face a challenge with regard to finding the right replacement.

Traco vs Arrow free essay sample

Traco Inc is an aluminum company that supplies pre-engineered aluminum and glass sliding doors and windows. Arrow Glass Company is a subcontractor who initially brought suit against Traco on the theories of promissory estoppel and negligence for Traco’s failure to supply aluminum and glass sliding doors at the quoted price. After a bench trial, the trial court held for Arrow solely under the theory of promissory estoppel and awarded Arrow judgment against Traco for damages in the amount of $ 75,843. 38, plus attorneys fees and prejudgment interest. Issue Appellant supplier sought review of a judgment from the 45th District Court of Bexar County (Texas), awarding appellee subcontractor damages, plus attorneys fees and prejudgment interest, in an action brought for promissory estoppel and negligence for appellants failure to supply glass doors at the quoted price. Rule The court affirmed the judgment of the lower court in favor of appellee subcontractor, finding that promissory estoppel was a viable cause of action in a bid construction case. We will write a custom essay sample on Traco vs Arrow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The court found that the award of damages based on this theory was factually supported by the evidence, and that there was statutory authority for the award of attorneys fees. The determination of the rate of prejudgment interest also was proper. Analysis Appellant initially argues that the trial court erred in rendering judgment for Arrow because Tracos bid was revocable and properly withdrawn thirty days after it was made. Appellant primarily relies upon the argument that its sliding doors are goods as defined by the Texas Business and Commerce Code, therefore, Â § 2. 205 of this code is controlling. Nevertheless, appellants arguments ignore the appellees basic contention and legal theory under which this suit was brought. Appellee sought relief under the equitable doctrine of promissory estoppel on the premise that appellants promises, by way of its oral bid, caused appellee to substantially rely to its detriment. Consequently, appellants assertion that its subsequent letter confirming this bid somehow invokes the application of the Uniform Commercial Code ignores the fact that the appellee relied to its detriment when it reduced its bid based on a telephone conversation with the appellant, prior to the time appellants confirmation letter was sent or received. Thus, any subsequent written document is irrelevant to Arrows cause of action; appellants first point is rejected. Having resolved that the Uniform Commercial Code does not apply under these facts, we must now resolve whether the equitable theory of promissory estoppel applies to bid construction cases and, if so, whether this doctrine applies under the specific facts of this case. While no Texas case has previously applied the theory of promissory estoppel in a bid construction case, other jurisdictions have consistently applied this doctrine under similar facts, recognizing the necessity for equity in view of the lack of other remedies. Conclusion The court affirmed the judgment of the lower court in favor of appellee subcontractor, finding that promissory estoppel was a viable cause of action in a bid construction case. The court found that the award of damages based on this theory was factually supported by the evidence, and that there was statutory authority for the award of attorneys fees. The determination of the rate of prejudgment interest also was proper.